Question.
Discuss the role of the Presiding Officer of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.
(UPSC 2023 General Studies Paper 2 (Main) Exam, Answer in 150 words)
Answer.
The Presiding Officer of state legislatures is often known as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker ( Article 178) in the Lower House ( State Legislative Assembly) or the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson ( Article 182) in the Upper House ( State Legislative Council).
Presiding Officers of state legislatures play an important role in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices.
Maintaining Order :
Preservation of Decorum of the House:
The Presiding Officer ensures that debates and discussions should be in a civilized manner and members should adhere to the state legislatures' rules while discussing.
Handling the disruptions during heated debates is the challenging task of Presiding Officers.
Enforcement of Rules:
The Presiding Officer has the authority to enforce house rules and procedures, including managing debates, controlling speaking times, and taking disciplinary action.
The Presiding Officer can expel members of state legislatures who do not follow the rule of the house.
Recently, 15 Members of the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra were suspended due to misbehaviors.
Impartiality and Neutrality:
Impartial Decision Making:
The presiding Officer is expected to be impartial in debates. They do not actively participate in discussions and are required to maintain objectivity in their decisions.
Equal Opportunities ( Neutrality):
The Presiding Officer ensures that all members, regardless of their political affiliation, have equal opportunities to express their views. They are responsible for recognizing members to speak, ensuring fair participation, and promoting inclusivity.
Facilitating Democratic Practices:
Ensuring Participation:
The presiding officer creates a healthy environment that allows diverse opinions to be heard and facilitates the democratic process of decision-making.
Conflict resolution:
The presiding officer resolves the conflict between political parties and on important bills.
In Summary, the role of the Presiding Officer is crucial in State legislatures in upholding democratic principles, because they are involved in the orderly conduct of legislative proceedings, and fostering an environment where diverse voices can contribute to the democratic process. However, abuse of power, lack of transparency, and limited accountability are major concerns of the functioning of Presiding Officers.
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